Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is, in its broadest sense, any systematic knowledge that is capable of resulting in a correct prediction or reliable outcome. In this sense, science may refer to a highly skilled technique, technology, or practice. In its more restricted modern sense, science is a system of acquiring knowledge based on scientific method, and to the organized body of knowledge gained through such research. Science in this modern sense is a systematic enterprise of gathering knowledge about the world and organizing and condensing that knowledge into testable laws and theories. This article focuses on science in this more restricted sense, sometimes called experimental science.
The use of the scientific method to make new discoveries is called scientific research, and the people who carry out this research are called scientists. Applied science, or engineering, is the practical application of scientific knowledge. Scientific literacy is the ability of the general population to understand the basic concepts related to science. In the modern world, scientific research is a major activity in all developed nations, and scientists are expected to publish their discoveries in refereed journals, scientific periodicals where referees check the facts in an article before it is published. Even after publication, new scientific ideas are not generally accepted until the work has been very closely double-checked and the experiments reproduced by other researchers.
From the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment, "science" had more-or-less the same sort of very broad meaning in English that "philosophy" had at that time. By the early 1800s, "natural philosophy" (which eventually evolved into what is today called "natural science") had begun to separate from "philosophy" in general. In many cases, "science" continued to stand for reliable knowledge about any topic, in the same way it is still used in the broad sense in modern terms such as library science, political science, and computer science. In the more narrow sense of "science" today, as natural philosophy became linked to an expanding set of well-defined laws (beginning with Galileo's laws, Kepler's laws, and Newton's laws for motion), it became more common to refer to natural philosophy as "natural science". Over the course of the 1800s, the word "science" become increasingly associated mainly with the disciplined study of the natural world (that is, the non-human world). This sometimes left the study of human thought and society in a linguistic limbo, which has today been resolved by classifying these areas of study as the "social sciences".
The use of the scientific method to make new discoveries is called scientific research, and the people who carry out this research are called scientists. Applied science, or engineering, is the practical application of scientific knowledge. Scientific literacy is the ability of the general population to understand the basic concepts related to science. In the modern world, scientific research is a major activity in all developed nations, and scientists are expected to publish their discoveries in refereed journals, scientific periodicals where referees check the facts in an article before it is published. Even after publication, new scientific ideas are not generally accepted until the work has been very closely double-checked and the experiments reproduced by other researchers.
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| pictute in the science exhibition |
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